Frank Thomas honors Art Babbitt

Image

Frank in ’41

Frank Thomas joined the Disney Studio a couple years after Art Babbitt did, and climbed the ranks to be among the top dozen-or-so animators in 1941 (Art Babbitt was among the top four).  However, while Art Babbitt led the strike, Frank was a non-striker, and his loyalty to Walt earned him a place as one of the “Nine Old Men” of Disney animation, an honor bestowed only upon the most loyal, talented animators at Disney.

Below, at Art’s memorial service in 1992, Frank tells a story about his experience with Art Babbitt within the halls of the Disney Studio, and gives Art a very thoughtful and sincere tribute.

Posted in 1932-1941: Disney Glory Days, Disney | Tagged , , , , | 1 Comment

Inventing Live-Action Reference for Animation

Art Babbitt with cameraIn the mid-1930’s, Art Babbitt was working at Walt Disney Studios on Hyperion Avenue in Hollywood.  It was an exciting place for a creative, intelligent mind.  It masqueraded itself as a mere animation studio, but is was really  a bunch of brilliant artists, with Walt at the top.  These people were building up an artform  that was barely 30 years old.  And to do that, you had to constantly improve.

To get better, you have to try things no one has done before.  Besides bringing in an art teacher to the studio to teach and lecture, Art bought his own 16mm camera and shot film reference to be  the first artist to study the science of movement.

Goofy Live Reference

Goofy Live Reference

The method Art Babbitt developed to record the movements for Snow White has been used consistently all over the animation world, in all forms of animation (yes, even computer animation and stop-motion).  Remember the Animation Renaissance that happened in the late ’80s?  Check out the images below.

Littler Mermaid Ariel Reference

Posted in 1932-1941: Disney Glory Days, Disney, Film | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | 6 Comments

Art Babbitt on PM Magazine

Art Babbitt on PM Magazine, circa 1982
With Richard Williams,
daughter/reporter Michele Babbitt,
and a cameo by future Disney animator Eric Goldberg!

This was taped while Babbitt was working on The Thief and the Cobbler, an animated film Williams was directing and producing (but that’s a story for another day).

Posted in 1946-1970s: Later Years | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

The Babbitt Diary: Animating in Argentina – part 1

************* UPDATE: Click HERE for Part 2! ******************

UpaEnApuros3_Art_Babbitt_Dante_Quinterno

Patoruzú in Upa en Apuros

Argentina’s first color animated shortUpa en Apuros, was created in 1942 by cartoonist Dante Quinterno, and starred his signature South American native character, Patoruzú.  Produced entirely in Argentina, it was a milestone for the continent as a whole, and was done in collaboration with TOP Disney animator Art Babbitt.

Dante Quinterno, circa 1940

Walt Disney took a famous trip to South America from mid-August to late-October of 1941.  The Nazi influence was spreading across Europe, and a lot of countries in South America were still on the fence about fascism.  So, to promote the glories of democracy, President Roosevelt created his “Good Neighbor Policy.”  The democracy-loving U.S. would show its love for its neighbors to the south, and thus gain allies against Hitler.  Popular singer Bing Crosby was one such envoy.  But most significant was Walt Disney, because he developed two animated movies inspired by what he and his small group of traveling artists found there.  You can learn about this trip in detail in the solid documentary, Walt & El Grupo.

Art Babbitt in 1941

Now, before Walt left, there were 300 of his artists striking outside his studio, led by Art Babbitt.  When Walt got back, the strike was settled and the studio was following union rules.  And Art Babbitt, a thorn in Disney’s side, insisted on continuing his employment at the studio.  Firing him would break a 1935 law called the “Wagner Act,” which states the employees have a right to unionize.  But Art was fired.  So he took Walt to court.

Art Babbitt had more than one law suit pending in January of 1942, when he took his own trip to South America.  He made arrangements to meet Quinterno in Buenos Aires and tour his studio, where the country’s most popular cartoon character was being drawn.  His diary entries are below…

February 6, 1942

[…]Dante Quinterno and his production head – Tullis…? met me at the boat.  Dante seems to be a big shot here  – because the chief of the customs house came over personally to supposedly check my baggage.  He simply opened and closed my cases, never bothering to look at anything – then motioned me on.

Being terribly tired – I was entertained but briefly – then send to bed.  The apartment Dante + Tullis found for me is a beauty in the heart of the business district – very “moderne”.

February 7, 1942

Spent practically all day at Quinterno’s place.  I don’t know where he gets all the energy — but 

he most certainly has his finger in plenty of pies.  He has thirty employees – and besides his newspaper comic strip he edits and publishes a humorous magazine – does three additional comic strips and is producing an animated cartoon.

I heard their sound and saw the pencil tests of their picture today.  The music is exquisite – the characterization very good and the plot and gags good but a bit heavy and brutal in a typically foreign manner.  The animation is not too good — but considering the fact that these men have taught themselves all the principals of animation in but a few months — their work is remarkable.

Some of their actions are exceedingly original – humorous and refreshing and both Tullis + Dante are damn good draftsmen.  Their equipment is primitive – but still a hell of a lot better than I had expected.

February 9, 1942

Spent all day correcting the animation and story of Dante’s picture.  It was hard work but i enjoyed it thoroughly.  Who knows – I may be in some sort of partnership in time to come.  I think I’ll wait to see what sort of success he has with his first picture and then it might be a good idea to make a tie-up.

Dante is a man of temperament – but he has good judgement and taste.  He’s not the boor that Disney is.[…]

The Argentinians do not like Americans and they want no part of this war.

— Stay tuned for Part 2 of Art Babbitt’s collaboration with Dante Quinterno!

…and in the meantime, Click Below to watch Dante Quinterno’s finished film!

Posted in 1942-1946: Repercussions | Tagged , , , , , , | 3 Comments

When Babbitt Met Tytla

L-R: Unknown, Bill Tytla (animator), Frank Moser (director), Art Babbitt (animator), Unknown, Unknown, Paul Terry (honcho)

Art Babbitt (here at 23) and Bill Tytla (here at 26) are credited for being two of the greatest animators and Disney innovators of all time.  Bill Tytla especially was given enormous credit in various Disney books, including The Illusion of Life.  He and Art Babbitt were close friends and ended up climbing the ranks of Disney together.  But when this picture was taken at Terrytoons around 1931, that friendship hadn’t yet crystallized.

Top Row L-R: Unknown, Frank Moser (director), Jerry Shields (lead animator), Connie Rasinski (animator), Unknown, José Carreon (animator), Bill Tytla (animator), Unknown, Unknown, George MacAvoy (editor), Ted Waldyer (animator).  Bottom Row L-R: Art Babbitt (animator), Unknown, Unknown, Unknown

Art Babbitt had been working at the Bronx-based animation Studio, Terrytoons, for a couple years and may have heard about the “good animator” who was off in Europe studying fine art.  Then (probably): in February 1931, a tall young Cossack with a New York accent struts through the studio.  He gets pats on the back and “welcome home”s from the other animators.  Bill takes his seat at his animation desk, gets his layout scenes, and starts working on the latest short for Terrytoons, Quack Quack, scheduled to be released on March 8th, 1931 (a cartoon about Farmer Al Falfa’s trip to the dentist).

Babbitt and Tytla would work on many projects together, most signifantly Disney’s Fantasia, Dumbo and Pinnochio.  But it all started with this animated short.

Layout drawings (by Frank Moser) of some of Bill Tytla’s Scenes from Quack Quack :

And two of Art Babbitt’s scenes 

Posted in 1929-1932: Terrytoons | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | 5 Comments

The Babbitt Diary: “The Reluctant Dragon”

As posted previously, Art Babbitt, the leader of the 1941 Disney Strike (though not the organizer – but more on that later), led the picket at the premiere of Walt Disney’s 5th feature film, The Reluctant Dragon.

Have you seen this film?  If you’re not a Disney überfan, you  probably haven’t.  Besides the charming cartoon bits, it’s a pseudo-documentary – – with some footage of real artists in the real studio – – and of how grand life is in the Mouse House in 1941.

Let’s put it in context.  It’s not an animated film.  It’s the first Walt Disney film to not be animated, and it’s cobbled together pretty imperfectly.  If not for the fact that it’s the Disney studio and we get to see glimpses of some great cartoon characters, it probably wouldn’t hold our interest.  But the Disney studio had been losing a lot of money; the loans from the Bank of America paid for the 1940 financial flops (due to WWII) of Pinocchio and Fantasia.  So Disney made an inexpensive movie.  (And it still lost money!)

It’s naive to think that working at Disney was as perfect as the film portrays.  Sometimes there were endless meetings, or you had to work late or on weekends, or people got fired or the wrong people got promoted.  Maybe you didn’t get along with a coworker, and maybe you had a difference of opinion with the boss himself!  It was a job.  To paraphrase animator Ward Kimball, they didn’t think they were making history, just making a living.

There’s a flavor of “aw shucks” innocence about it that is also prevalent in Mickey Mouse, Disneyland, and Walt’s on-screen persona.  I think that’s how Walt saw the world, and how he wished the world could be.

The film went into production many months before the Disney strike.  Then, on May 29th, the artists struck, and the trade papers like Variety ate it up.  Walt must have been relieved that his upcoming film was about the pleasure of working at the Disney Studio: the spacious, carpeted rooms!  The pretty ink-and-paint girls!  What a fortuitous circumstance for Walt – it’s a PR campaign right when he needed it most!

Meanwhile, the strikers knew well what a saccharine portrayal the film was.  They (mostly) didn’t have spacious, carpeted rooms.  And it was forbidden for the men to enter the ink-and-paint building (lest you “dip your pen in company ink”).  Besides the hypocrisy, They must have felt their cause mocked and their grievances belittled.    So if Walt was going to be a wiseguy, they’d hit ‘im back where it hurts most – his public image – and picket the premiere of this film in their finest black tie apparel.

So did Art Babbitt ever see the movie?

Yes.  Yes, he did.  More than once, on a ship en route to Brazil in 1942.  In the same diary entry, he also offers a glimpse into his growing post-strike anxiety.

On January 25th, 1942, he writes in his diary:

An extremely uneventful day.  Saw “Reluctant Dragon” again and it was just as horrible as ever before – I’m certainly glad I had nothing to do with it. […]

For the most part – I’m living in a pleasant blank – but every once in awhile realities  jab me. […]

Posted in 1941: The Disney Strike, Disney | Tagged , , , , , | 1 Comment

“The Reluctant Dragon” and the Disney Strike

Strikers with “Seven Dwarfs” masks. June 20, 1941

Friday night, June 20, 1941.  The Disney animators have been striking for 2 weeks.  The Hollywood public was dolled up for the black-tie premiere of Walt Disney’s latest picture, and there’s much speculation.

Walt had brought the fairy tale to vivid life with Snow White and Pinocchio, and continued breaking new ground with Fantasia.  A Disney film was a big thing.  Like the first several Pixar films, you knew this was not only an entertainment factory, this was a laboratory where creativity and technological innovation were pushed simultaneously.  Walt was a man to be respected, and indeed, he was.

Walt’s limousine and other high-class automobiles pulled up one in front of the marquee.  Just as naturally, another black limousine pulled up.  The driver went over to the passenger’s side, held open his door, and out stepped a man in a snazzy tuxedo.  His driver handed him a wooden picket sign.  One by one, finely-dressed men and women started piling out of the limo, all dressed to the nines, and they were joined by others, all with picket signs. The driver of that limo was Maurice Noble, a striking background artist.  His passenger was the strike leader, Art Babbitt.

These pictures today are courtesy of Liz Johnson at ideologicalart.wordpress.com.

Art Babbitt leading the march, June 20, 1941

(Remember to click on the images to enlarge them!)

Posted in 1941: The Disney Strike, Disney | Tagged , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Art Babbitt’s Roast: Mel Blanc

Art Babbitt in May, 1974

Mel Blanc

Ah, Mel Blanc.  “The Man of A Thousand Voices,” and among them Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck,  and literally hundreds of other cartoon characters.

As posted previously, Art Babbitt celebrated his 50th year in animation on May 25th, 1974.

He was roasted by giants of the animation industry, M.C.’ed by voice actress June Foray, with opener and closer Chuck Jones.

Mel got to know Art when Art was directing animated commercials at the Hanna Barbera in the 1960s , and Mel took Art’s direction as the voice of Barney Rubble.

Posted in 1946-1970s: Later Years | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

Art Babbitt’s Roast: Chuck Jones

Art Babbitt in May, 1974

Chuck Jones is many things:  a father of Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck, creator of the Roadrunner and Pepe Le Pew, director of the Grinch, … and Art’s Babbitt’s friend.

On May 25th, 1974, when Art Babbitt was 66 years old, he celebrated his 50th year in the animation industry.  The party was guested by legends of the industry – although none of them from Disney.  But his opener was Chuck Jones.

Chuck Jones

 

 

 

In the summer of 1941, when Art Babbitt was leading the Disney animators in their strike against Walt, they were joined by the support of the Warner Brothers animators, led by Chuck Jones.  The Disney artists carrying picket signs now had the combined numbers of the Warner Brothers animators – which isn’t exactly 100% legal, but they didn’t care – it made for good press.  And the Warner guys knew that once Disney – the biggest animation studio in Hollywood – became a union shop, the other studios would have to follow — including theirs.

Chuck Jones during the Disney Strike

After the strike, in court, Chuck was Art’s character witness.  In this opener, he mentions Disney lawyer Gunther Lessing, as well as Pepe Ruiz, T. Hee, Grim Natwick and Phil Monroe.

The M. C. for the event was the incredible voice actress, June Foray.

 

 

Posted in 1946-1970s: Later Years | Tagged , , , , , , , | 1 Comment

The Snow White Wrap Party – part 2

As continued from The Snow White Wrap Party – part 1, here are some more pics, courtesy of Disney artist Willie Pyle, from the weekend of June 4, 1938.

Young Art Babbitt wasn’t much of a dancer – or a drinker, for that matter.  But he was social, and valued his friends at the Walt Disney studio.  No records survive concerning how he spent this particular weekend – he didn’t play baseball, touch football, volleyball, golf, or much else in the way of sports (his widow says he could grow frustrated with things he wasn’t excellent at).  He did like the water, though, and chances are he took a dip in the hotel pool.

In Walt’s People vol 3, Disney artist Bill Justice remembers, “for two years, all of us had been under terrible pressure, working long hours day and night to finish Snow White. When I came on at the end of production, I still felt that stress. When we arrived at the Narconian Hotel there were pools to swim in, tennis courts, a golf course, live music, and plenty of food and alcohol and something just snapped.”

I don’t know who these fellas are, but they look like they’re having a good time.

“Walt took over the Narconian hotel,” says artist Ward Kimball in Walt’s People vol 10.  “The first floor hosted the unmarried guys, the second floor the unmarried girls and the third floor the married employees.  It was a wild party.”

If you notice the black triangles on the corners of this photo, it’s because the photographer was holding the camera at a drunken tilt when this photo was snapped.

Sam Cobean, here at age 25, had been working at Disney for 11 months in cleanup animation (making rough drawings look nice) and inbetweening (making the drawings between the main poses), two low-level animation positions.  In his employee evaluation, Disney staff listed this under “Weaknesses”: “Perenial griper, and undependable.  Somewhat lazy and has good time Charley attitude.  Is on radical side.  Story organizer for the Guild.”  Indeed, Cobean would join the Disney Strike in 1941 (which Babbitt led).  He would leave to become a very successful cartoonist for The New Yorker.

Les Clark, here at 30, had been with Walt and Roy Disney since the very beginning of Mickey Mouse – back during the silent film era!  He was one of Walt’s most trusted employees, and would stay with the company for most of his life, becoming one of Disney’s legendary “Nine Old Men” of animation.  He was Art Babbitt’s good friend before the strike, swapping homemade wise-ass Christmas cards and going on camping trips.   After the strike they stopped speaking.

Willie Pyle, here at age 23, had barely started working at Disney’s when he was invited to the greatest party the studio ever held.  He was a traffic boy (see Part 1) and in 1939 leaped straight into assisting on features, without working on shorts at all.  This was most likely thanks to the skills acquired by keeping perfect attendance in Don Graham’s art class held at the Disney Studios, which Art Babbitt started.  Willie, who was close friends with Sam Cobean, went out on strike as well, but returned to the studio to finish Bambi. He became an animator at UPA (where Art later worked) and an independent animator and illustrator.

I wish I knew more about Kosti Ruohomaa.  He was born in Finland and was probably lured to the Disney studios during the talent-search in anticipation of Snow White.  He left Disney’s to become a photographer, best-known for capturing vignettes of American life in the 1950s.

 

According to Willie Pyle, this is Marceil Clark, Les Clark’s sister.  And this gentleman might be Ollie Johnston, but I don’t know.  What do you think?

Posted in 1932-1941: Disney Glory Days | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments